Boiler



May 26, 1964 Filed June 25, 1958 J. F. DE VINCENT 3 Sheets-Sheet 1Illllllllwkl Fla! IN VEN TOR. JAMES F. DE VINCENT ATTORNEY May 26, 1964y. F. DE VINCENT BOILER 3 Sheets-Sheec 2 Filed June 25, 1958 INVENTOR.JAMES F. DE VINCENT AT TOR NEY May 26, 1964 J. F. DE VINCENT BOILER 3Sheets-Sheec 3 Filed June 25, 1958 FROM 70, F /6- FIG. 3

NVENTOR. JAMES F. DE VINCENT 's3 ATTORNEY United States Patent()3,134,368 BOILER .lames F. De Vincent, 1746 W. 24th St., Erie, Pa. Filed.lune 25, 1958, Ser. No. 744,613 1 Claim. (Cl. 122-451) This inventionrelates to boilers and, more particularly, to boilers of the type usedto generate large quantities of steam at relatively high pressures.

Boilers of the general type known as once through boilers have beenpreviously provided but none have been completely satisfactory from anoperational standpoint for generating large quantities of steam at higheciency, especially where the quantity and quality of steam generated ina given period of time varied. Further, it has been impossible tooperate boilers of previous design at maximum efficiency because of theinherent design thereof.

It is, accordingly, an object of this invention to overcome the aboveand other disadvantages in prior boilers and, more particularly, it isan object of the invention to provide a boiler which is simple inconstruction, economical to manufacture, and simple and ecient inoperation.

Another object of the invention is to provide, in combination, animproved boiler and control means therefor.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved controlmeans for a boiler.

A further object of the invention is to provide a timing arrangementwhich utilizes a cam which is driven at a controlled speed relative tothe fuel setting in order to put the required amount of water into aboiler in a given period of time to generate the desired amount ofsteam.

The above objects are carried out by providing a boiler having acontinuous tube extending therethrough. The tube is connected at one endto a pump controlled to intermittently supply predetermined quantitiesof water to the tube. A burner supplies heat at predetermined amounts tothe tube to turn the water to steam at predetermined times prior toanother said predetermined amount being admitted. The boiler tubes aremade of high heat resistant material as is the inner lining of theboiler. The feed water regulator pump could be started by thedifferential pressure between the pressure in the water preheater andthe pressure in the supply in a manner well known to those skilled inthe art. Y

With these and other objects in View, the present invention consists ofthe combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter more fullydescribed, illustrated in the accompanying drawings and moreparticularlypointed out in the appended claims, it being understood that changes maybe made in the form, size7 proportions, and minor details ofconstruction without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of theadvantages of the invention.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a boiler according to the inventionshown as a cross section taken on line 1 1 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of the boiler with one side of thefront wall thereof removed;

FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view shown as a plane elevation taken online 3 3 of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the invention.

Now with more specic reference to the drawings, a boiler is shown havinga frame which may be designed in the manner in which the frame ofconventional boilers are designed and made of structural steel. Theframe 10 supports side walls 11 and 12, a rear wall 14, and a front wall15 with a top wall 16 and a bottom wall 17 which form an enclosure byway of a heating chamber. The boiler shown is patterned after a designof boiler which, in practice, would have a heating capacity of onehundred thousand pounds per hour of steam at three hundred poundsoperating pressure.

The walls 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17 are made up of an inner lining 18of refractory tile surrounded by insulation 19 approximately eightinches thick to prevent the heat from escaping and, therefore, aneconomical boiler for operation is provided. On the inner surface of theinner refractory lining 18 an alloy steel lining 21 is provided which ismade of an alloy which v/ill withstand extreme temperatures and whichmay be one of the high temperature tungsten steel alloys or it could beone of the nickel chromium tungsten alloys which will withstand theextreme temperatures necessary for efficient operation. The inner lining18 will preferably be approximately onefourth inch thick in order to berugged and durable. An outside casing 54 of sheet steel is provided.Burner openings 20 are formed in the front wall 15 and burners 22 areinserted in the openings 20 and supported therein.

The boiler is of the general type known as the once through boiler andit is provided with tubes 23 which are connected at one end to a header24 and at the other end to a steam drum 25. Each tube 23 has a liquidsection 26 and a vapor section 27 and the tubes 23 themselves will bemade of a high temperature material such as one of those referred toabove and such as SA-213TP- 316 having an allowable Working strength ofone thousand pounds per square inch at 1500 Fahrenheit. The liquidsection 26 is made up of a loop 41 which extends upwardly higher thanthe loops in the vapor section 27 identied at 42 in order to provide agreater heating area in the loop 41. The water will be admitted in thefirst loop, it will be saturated in the second loop, and it will besuperheated in the later tubes.

A Water preheater 28 overlies the rear wall 14 and, therefore,eliminates the need of an alloy skin thereon to protect the wall 14 fromheat. It will be seen that the boiler tubes 23 are connected to theheader 24 and to the steam drum 25 at 31 and 32, respectively.

The water preheater 28 is supplied with water from a constant pressurepump 33 which insures that the preheater 28 will be provided with aproper amount of water at all times. An outlet line 34 of the preheater28 is connected through a pipe line 38 to a constant pressure pump 35.ln some installations, it will be desirable to use a variable pressurepump at 35. The pump 35 is driven by a motor 36 and supplies water atpredetermined times through a pipe line 39 to the header 24. The feedwater pump 35 is driven by the motor 36 which is actuated through anelectrical circuit 43. The electrical circuit 43 is turned olf and on bymeans of a cam 3'7 driven at constant speed by a timer 44. The cam 37has spaced cam portions 45 thereon which engage a suitable followerindicated at 46 which opens and closes a switch 47 at predeterminedintervals of time of, for example, fifteen seconds or less to cause thefeed water pump 35 to pump a predetermined quantity of water into theliquid section 26 of the tubes 23 at predetermined intervals.

The feed water pump 35 could be controlled by an electric timeroperating a solenoid valve or any other suitable timing arrangement;however, the cam timer has a definite advantage in certaininstallations. When a smaller poundage of steam is required than thatfor which the boiler was designed, the timer may be adjusted to injectwater at less frequent intervals. The burners 22 can also be adjusted bymeans of throttling valves 48 having a calibrated scale 49 calibrated toindicate the correct amount of heat and correct setting in order toconvert each quantity of water to steam before another quantity isadmitted. An overheat thermocouple 70 is attached to the loop 41approximately one-fourth way up. The thermocouple 70 is welded to theloop 41 and heavily insulated wires '72 lead to the scale 49 on thevalves 48 D v sa to turn the valves 48 ofi in the event of thetemperature of the tubes exceeding a predetermined value.

ln operation, the Valves 4S from the burners 22 will be turned on, setat a constant flow position, and ired and the cam 37 driven by the timer4d will be started. When the cam T57 starts to operate, the motor 36will drive the constant pressure feed water pump 35 to pump apredetermined quantity o water into the liquid section 2e. This waterwill be turned into steam at a predetermined relatively short period oftime determined by the setting of the valve 4S and this steam will beforced through the vapor section 27 of the tube, superheated, andaccumulated in the drum from whence it will be used for its intendedpurpose. The timer i4 and the cam 37 will be so designed that the pump35 will inject an additional quantity of water in the liquid section 26after an elapsed interval of time equal to the time necessary for the refrom the burners 22 to turn the previous injected Water into steam. Theflame from the hre will extend to the end of the steam or vapor section27 as indicated in FIG. 1 and steam in the tubes 42 will be superheated.The boiler can be so regulated as a result of the extremely hot lirethat can be used because of the inner lining 21 of the boiler and thematerials used in the boiler tubes that a quantity of steam far inexcess of any previous design of boilers of equivalent size can begenerated. The amount of superheat can be regulated by the number oftubes 23. The extra hot gases will be collected by a hood 4t) andexhausted through a suitable vent system connected thereto. If theboiler is to he started manually, a gallonage meter will be provided tomeasure and deliver the exact amount of water to the boiler relative `tothe setting of the valve 48 which can be evaporated in the timeallotted.

The embodiment of the invention shown in FlG. 4 shows a boilersimilar tothat in FlGS. l to 3. In this embodiment, the spacing of tubes 123 isvaried between the rows thereof so that in a section 126, the water willbe turned to steam and in a section 127, the steam will be superheatedand accumulated in a steam drum 125. The flame from burners 122 extendsto the end of a section 142 so that the section 126 is in the hottestpart of the fire while the sections 142 which will contain relativelydry steam will be in a somewhat lower heat Zone. The intensity of thellame is controlled by a valve 14S. Therefore, the tubes of the sections142 will not tend to overheat.

The boiler has a front wall 115, a top wall 116, a bottom wall 117, anda rear wall The front wall 115 has a lining 115. An opening 120 isformed in the front wall 115 to receive the burner 122 a metal lining121 is provided inside the burner 122. A water preheater 128 issupported on the rear wall of the boiler at 114. A header 124 isconnected to a section 141 at 152. A line 33 is connected at 134 to thepreheater 128 and to aconstant pressure pump 135 which supplies water tothe header 124 through a pipe 139. The pump 135 is driven by a motor 136which is actuated through an electrical circuit 143 containing a switch147 opened and closed by a cam 137 which is in turn driven by a timer144 to open and close the switch 147 at predetermined intervals. The cam137 has spaced lobes 145 which act through a follower 146 to open andclose the switch 147.

The header 124 and the liquid section 141 are spaced from the burners122 a greater distance than in the embodiment or" the invention shown inFlGS. 1 to 3. The Water preheater 128 is fed by a valve arrangementwhich will operate a switch intermittently. This is a conventional typeof control which operates by reason of the new of water in a bypass pipe153 and a piston 157 which operates a toggle switch 152 intermittentlyto connect a motor 151 to the power supply to drive the motor 151 for apredetermined interval of time. Then the switch 152 will be opened bypressure built up in bypass pipe 153 which will act on a piston 157 andmove it against the force of a spring 156 and the piston 157 will openthe switch 15?. to stop the motor 151. That is, when the piston 157retracts, it closes the switch 152. This starts a pump 15S which beginsto pump water into the preheater 123. Then as water is forced into thepreheater 128 by way of a pipe 159, it also enters the bypass pipe 153.This forces the piston 157 to open the switch 152 to stop the motor 151.Thus, the motor 151 and the pump 15S driven thereby will intermittentlystop and start at a rate controlled by the setting of a throttling valve161 which bleeds out the water in a cy luder 150 trapped therein by acheck valve 162. The motor 151 will be started when the piston 157returns to its original position.

The foregoing speciiication sets forth the invention in its preferredpractical forms but it will be seen that the structure shown is capableof modication within a range of equivalents without departing from theinvention which is to be understood is broadly novel as is commensuratewith the appended claim.

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property orprivilege is claimed are delined as follows:

A once through boiler for supplying a relatively constant output ofsteam comprising an insulated enclosure dened by a wall, a vaporgenerating tube disposed in said enclosure and disposed in the form of aplurality of loops therein connected in series with an inlet end and anoutlet end, a header, a steam drum adapted to contain steam, one end ofsaid tube being connected to said header and the other end connected tosaid steam drum, heating means for said enclosure, fuel supply means tosupply fuel to said heating means at a constant rate, control meansresponsive to the temperature of theoutside of said tube connected tosaid tube and to said fuel supply means to shut oli' said fuel when thetemperature of said tube exceeds a predetermined Value, Water supplymeans connected to said header for supplying water to said header, andtimer means connected to said water supply means and adapted to actuatesaid water supply means to inject water {into said header atpredetermined \intervals whereby Water is forced through said tube.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 251,741Smith lan. 3, 1882 1,774,150 Murray Aug. 26, 1930 2,002,294 McMath May21, 1935 2,249,682 Clark July 15, 1941 2,660,947 Forschner Dec. l, 19532,855,904 Schwander Oct. 14, 1958

